{"id":588,"date":"2012-04-29T01:01:36","date_gmt":"2012-04-29T01:01:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/public-health-kompakt.frappant.ch\/?page_id=588"},"modified":"2026-03-31T07:07:18","modified_gmt":"2026-03-31T07:07:18","slug":"kap-8-4-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.public-health-kompakt.ch\/index.php\/kapitel-8\/kap-8-4-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Kap. 8.4 Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><em>Gerald Haidinger, Thomas E. Dorner, Anita Rieder<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-style-plain is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen (HKE) stellen weltweit und auch in Europa die h\u00e4ufigste Todesursache dar und verursachen einen erheblichen Anteil der Krankheitslast. Zu den wichtigsten Krankheitsbildern z\u00e4hlen die koronare Herzkrankheit, der Myokardinfarkt, der Schlaganfall sowie die Herzinsuffizienz. Ihre Entstehung ist multifaktoriell und eng mit verhaltensbezogenen sowie strukturellen Risikofaktoren verkn\u00fcpft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zu den zentralen beeinflussbaren Risikofaktoren geh\u00f6ren Rauchen, Bewegungsmangel, ungesunde Ern\u00e4hrung, Adipositas, Hypertonie, Dyslipid\u00e4mien und Diabetes mellitus. Diese Faktoren treten h\u00e4ufig gemeinsam auf und verst\u00e4rken sich gegenseitig. Nicht beeinflussbare Faktoren wie Alter, Geschlecht und genetische Pr\u00e4disposition spielen ebenfalls eine Rolle, erkl\u00e4ren jedoch nur einen Teil des Erkrankungsrisikos. Sozialer Status und psychosoziale Belastungen haben einen bedeutenden Einfluss auf die Verteilung von Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen und tragen zu gesundheitlichen Ungleichheiten bei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aus Public-Health-Perspektive kommt der Prim\u00e4rpr\u00e4vention eine zentrale Bedeutung zu. Ma\u00dfnahmen der Prim\u00e4rpr\u00e4vention zielen auf die Reduktion von Risikofaktoren in der Gesamtbev\u00f6lkerung, etwa durch F\u00f6rderung k\u00f6rperlicher Aktivit\u00e4t, gesunder Ern\u00e4hrung und Rauchverzicht. Sekund\u00e4rpr\u00e4ventive Ma\u00dfnahmen wie Screening und fr\u00fchzeitige Behandlung von Hypertonie oder Fettstoffwechselst\u00f6rungen sollen Krankheitsverl\u00e4ufe g\u00fcnstig beeinflussen. Trotz medizinischer Fortschritte bleiben Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen daher ein zentrales Handlungsfeld von Public Health, das bev\u00f6lkerungsbezogene Strategien und individuelle Interventionen gleicherma\u00dfen erfordert.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Internationale Organisationen<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>World Health Organization. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/cardiovascular-diseases#tab=tab_1\">Cardiovascular diseases<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>World Heatlh Organization. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/noncommunicable-diseases\/ncds-management\/cardiovascular-diseases-programme\">Cardiovascular diseases programme<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>European Commission. <a href=\"https:\/\/health.ec.europa.eu\/non-communicable-diseases\/cardiovascular-health_en\">Cardiovascular health &#8211; Public Health<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Eurostat. <a href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/statistics-explained\/index.php?title=Cardiovascular_diseases_statistics\">Cardiovascular diseases statistics<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>European Society of Cardiology. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.escardio.org\/Guidelines\">ESC Guidelines: Discover, Download<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>European Society of Cardiology. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.escardio.org\/guidelines\/practice-tools\/cvd-prevention-toolbox\/score-risk-charts\/\">SCORE2 and SCORE2-OP calculators<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>World Heart Federation. <a href=\"https:\/\/world-heart-federation.org\/\">Global Heart Health &amp; CVD Advocacy<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"782\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.public-health-kompakt.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-25-782x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7336\" style=\"width:574px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.public-health-kompakt.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-25-782x1024.png 782w, https:\/\/www.public-health-kompakt.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-25-229x300.png 229w, https:\/\/www.public-health-kompakt.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-25-768x1006.png 768w, https:\/\/www.public-health-kompakt.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-25-1173x1536.png 1173w, https:\/\/www.public-health-kompakt.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-25-1564x2048.png 1564w, https:\/\/www.public-health-kompakt.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-25-scaled.png 1955w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 782px) 100vw, 782px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nationale Quellen<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Robert Koch Institut. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rki.de\/DE\/Themen\/Nichtuebertragbare-Krankheiten\/Nichtuebertragbare-Krankheiten-A-Z\/K\/KHK-Herzinfarkt\/koronare-herzkrankheit-myokardinfarkt-node.html\">Koronare Herzkrankheit (KHK) und Myokardinfarkt (Herzinfarkt)<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Deutsche Herzstiftung. <a href=\"https:\/\/herzstiftung.de\/ihre-herzgesundheit\">Ihre Herzgesundheit<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bundesinstitut f\u00fcr \u00d6ffentliche Gesundheit (BI\u00d6G). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bioeg.de\/was-wir-tun\/frauengesundheit\/\">Frauengesundheit<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bioeg.de\/was-wir-tun\/maennergesundheit\/\">M\u00e4nnergesundheit<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00d6sterreichische Kardiologische Gesellschaft (\u00d6KG). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.atcardio.at\/willkommen\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.atcardio.at\/aktuelles\">Aktuelles<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Kardiologie (DGK). <a href=\"https:\/\/herzmedizin.de\/fuer-aerzte-und-fachpersonal\/dgk\/leitlinien\">Leitlinien<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Deutsche Hochdruckliga (DHL). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hochdruckliga.de\/\">Bluthochdruck vermeiden, behandeln und senken<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Obsan <a href=\"https:\/\/ind.obsan.admin.ch\/de\/indicator\/monam\/herz-kreislauf-erkrankungen-praevalenz-alter-15\">Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bundesamt f\u00fcr Gesundheit (BAG). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bag.admin.ch\/de\/zahlen-und-fakten-zu-nichtuebertragbaren-krankheiten\">Zahlen und Fakten zu nicht\u00fcbertragbaren Krankheiten<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bundesamt f\u00fcr Statistik (BFS). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bfs.admin.ch\/bfs\/de\/home\/statistiken\/gesundheit.html\">Gesundheit<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>SwissCardio. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.swisscardio.ch\/qualitaet#Guidelines\">Qualit\u00e4t<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Schweizerische Herzstiftung. <a href=\"https:\/\/swissheart.ch\/\">Aktiv gegen Herzkrankheiten und Hirnschlag<\/a>. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/heart-disease\/about\/index.html\">About Heart Disease<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>American Heart Association. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.heart.org\/en\/health-topics\/consumer-healthcare\/what-is-cardiovascular-disease\">What Is Cardiovascular Disease?<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>National Institutes of Health (NIH). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nhlbi.nih.gov\/health\/heart-healthy-living\">What Is Heart-Healthy Living?<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a name=\"LQ\"><\/a>Ausgew\u00e4hlte Arbeiten<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Puska P, Vartiainen E, Laatikainen T, Jousilahti P, Paavola M (editors). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.julkari.fi\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/d4a3a5b7-bf57-4e23-8e24-ffe6e2d40985\/content\">The North Karelia Project: from North Karelia to National Action<\/a>. Helsinki: Helsinki University Printing House, 2009.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Yusuf S, Hawken S, Ounpuu S, Dans T, Avezum A, Lanas F, et al. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lancet\/article\/PIIS0140-6736(04)17018-9\/abstract\">Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study<\/a>. Lancet. 2004;364: 937\u2013952. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Roth GA, Mensah GA, Johnson CO, Addolorato G, Ammirati E, Baddour LM, et al. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jacc.org\/doi\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.11.010\">Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors, 1990-2019: Update From the GBD 2019 Study<\/a>. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;76: 2982\u20133021. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ridker PM, Everett BM, Thuren T, MacFadyen JG, Chang WH, Ballantyne C, et al. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1707914\">Antiinflammatory Therapy with Canakinumab for Atherosclerotic Disease<\/a>. N Engl J Med. 2017;377: 1119\u20131131. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Paffenbarger RS, Hyde RT, Wing AL, Hsieh CC. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1056\/NEJM198603063141003\">Physical activity, all-cause mortality, and longevity of college alumni<\/a>. N Engl J Med. 1986;314: 605\u2013613. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lancet\/article\/PIIS0140-6736(16)31919-5\/fulltext\">Worldwide trends in blood pressure from 1975 to 2015: a pooled analysis of 1479 population-based measurement studies with 19\u00b71 million participants<\/a>. Lancet. 2017;389: 37\u201355. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Lear SA, Hu W, Rangarajan S, Gasevic D, Leong D, Iqbal R, et al. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lancet\/article\/PIIS0140-6736(17)31634-3\/abstract\">The effect of physical activity on mortality and cardiovascular disease in 130\u2008000 people from 17 high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: the PURE study<\/a>. Lancet. 2017;390: 2643\u20132654.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kivim\u00e4ki M, Batty GD, Pentti J, Shipley MJ, Sipil\u00e4 PN, Nyberg ST, et al. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lanpub\/article\/PIIS2468-2667(19)30248-8\/fulltext\">Association between socioeconomic status and the development of mental and physical health conditions in adulthood: a multi-cohort study<\/a>. Lancet Public Health. 2020;5: e140\u2013e149. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Keys AB. Seven countries: a multivariate analysis of death and coronary heart disease. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press; 1980.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Holmes MV, Dale CE, Zuccolo L, Silverwood RJ, Guo Y, Ye Z, et al. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/349\/bmj.g4164\">Association between alcohol and cardiovascular disease: Mendelian randomisation analysis based on individual participant data<\/a>. BMJ. 2014;349: g4164. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>GBD 2021 Causes of Death Collaborators. <a href=\"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0140673624003672\">Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations<\/a>, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet. 2024;403: 2100\u20132132. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risks 2023 Collaborators. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jacc.org\/doi\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.08.015\">Global, Regional, and National Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors in 204 Countries and Territories, 1990-2023<\/a>. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2025;86: 2167\u20132243. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>GBD 2019 Risk Factors Collaborators. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lancet\/article\/PIIS0140-6736(20)30752-2\/fulltext\">Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019<\/a>. Lancet. 2020;396: 1223\u20131249. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Doll R, Peto R, Boreham J, Sutherland I. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/328\/7455\/1519\">Mortality in relation to smoking: 50 years\u2019 observations on male British doctors<\/a>. BMJ. 2004;328: 1519. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cholesterol Treatment Trialists\u2019 (CTT) Collaboration, Fulcher J, O\u2019Connell R, Voysey M, Emberson J, Blackwell L, et al. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lancet\/article\/PIIS0140-6736(14)61368-4\/abstract\">Efficacy and safety of LDL-lowering therapy among men and women: meta-analysis of individual data from 174,000 participants in 27 randomised trials<\/a>. Lancet. 2015;385: 1397\u20131405. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Arnett DK, Blumenthal RS, Albert MA, Buroker AB, Goldberger ZD, Hahn EJ, et al. 2019 ACC\/AHA <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000678\">Guideline on the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines<\/a>. Circulation. 2019;140: e596\u2013e646. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Martin SS, Aday AW, Almarzooq ZI, Anderson CAM, Arora P, Avery CL, et al. 2024 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001209\">Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association<\/a>. Circulation. 2024;149: e347\u2013e913. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cesaroni G, Forastiere F, Stafoggia M, Andersen ZJ, Badaloni C, Beelen R, et al. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/348\/bmj.f7412\">Long term exposure to ambient air pollution and incidence of acute coronary events: prospective cohort study and meta-analysis in 11 European cohorts from the ESCAPE Project<\/a>. BMJ 2014; 348.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Leon DA, Shkolnikov VM, McKee M, Kiryanov N, Andreev E. <a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ije\/article\/39\/5\/1279\/804113\">Alcohol increases circulatory disease mortality in Russia: acute and chronic effects or misattribution of cause?<\/a> Int J Epidemiol. 2010;39: 1279\u20131290. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Lehrb\u00fccher<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Wilkinson MJ. <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/book\/10.1007\/978-3-030-78177-4\">Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease: Nutritional and Dietary Approaches<\/a>. Cham: Springer International Publishing AG; 2021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Labarthe D. E<a href=\"https:\/\/samples.jbpub.com\/9780763746896\/46894_fm_00i_xviii.pdf\">pidemiology and prevention of cardiovascular diseases: a global challenge<\/a>. 2nd ed. Sudbury, Mass: Jones and Bartlett Publishers; 2011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Yusuf S, Caitns JA, Camm AJ, Fallen EL, Gersh BJ. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wolterskluwer.com\/en\/solutions\/ovid\/evidencebased-cardiology-wileyblackwell-6261\">Evidence-Based Cardiology<\/a>. 2nd ed. Hoboken: John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd; 2008. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Marmot M, Elliott P, Marmot M, Elliott P, editors. <a href=\"https:\/\/global.oup.com\/academic\/product\/coronary-heart-disease-epidemiology-9780198525738?cc=no&amp;lang=en&amp;\">Coronary Heart Disease Epidemiology: From aetiology to public health<\/a>. Second Edition, Second Edition. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press; 2005.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gerald Haidinger, Thomas E. Dorner, Anita Rieder Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen (HKE) stellen weltweit und auch in Europa die h\u00e4ufigste Todesursache dar und verursachen einen erheblichen Anteil der Krankheitslast. Zu den wichtigsten Krankheitsbildern z\u00e4hlen die koronare Herzkrankheit, der Myokardinfarkt, der Schlaganfall sowie die Herzinsuffizienz. Ihre Entstehung ist multifaktoriell und eng mit verhaltensbezogenen sowie strukturellen Risikofaktoren verkn\u00fcpft. Zu den [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"parent":27,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-588","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.public-health-kompakt.ch\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/588","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.public-health-kompakt.ch\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.public-health-kompakt.ch\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.public-health-kompakt.ch\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.public-health-kompakt.ch\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=588"}],"version-history":[{"count":65,"href":"https:\/\/www.public-health-kompakt.ch\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/588\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7383,"href":"https:\/\/www.public-health-kompakt.ch\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/588\/revisions\/7383"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.public-health-kompakt.ch\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/27"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.public-health-kompakt.ch\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=588"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}